How to protect the harddisk through APS

This page tells you how to make the Active Protection System work under Linux to protect your harddrive from damage in case of a notebook drop or other kind of impact while it is running.

How APS works in Linux

APS in Linux consists of four components on the software side:

• The HDAPS driver (included in recent kernels). (As a modul if you want to use tp_smapi (Gentoo-Linux))
• The hdaps_protect disk protection kernel patch (available for kernel 2.6.15 and for kernel 2.6.16; see here for other versions)
• The hdapsd disk protection userspace daemon
• Optional: the khdapsmon KDE System Tray applet or the gnome-hdaps-applet.

The HDAPS driver exports a sysfs interface providing the acceleration values.

The hdaps_protect kernel patch exports a sysfs interface that enables an ide or sata disk to be protected by a userspace process.

The hdapsd userspace daemon monitors the acceleration values through the HDAPS interface and automatically initiates disk protection through the hdaps_protect interface - given that the movement exceeds a user specified threshold.

The optional KDE/GNOME applets provide a visual indication of the disk protection status and also a graphical interface for adjusting configuration options for hdapsd.

Installation

As mentioned above, the hdaps kernel driver found in recent kernels is only responsible for reading the accelerometer data and exporting it through the sysfs interface.

NOTE!

If you use tp_smapi, remember to include the option HDAPS=1 when installing tp_smapi.

In order to use this information to protect the disk, some additional steps are required.

• Download and build the latest hdaps_protect disk protection kernel patches.
• Enable the drivers in the kernel (requires kernel rebuild).
• Download, build and configure the hdapsd userspace daemon.
• Download and build one of the applets to get a real-time representation of the disk protection status.

Getting the files

Latest Sources	hdaps_protect, hdapsd and the gnome-hdaps-applet: http://www.dresco.co.uk/hdaps khdapsmon: http://www.oakcourt.dyndns.org/projects/khdapsmon/
Debian	hdapsd and hdaps_protect: # deb http://www.oakcourt.dyndns.org/debian/ ./ # deb-src http://www.oakcourt.dyndns.org/debian/ ./
Fedora	see instructions here kernel RPM packages including hdaps_protect: http://www.dresco.co.uk/hdaps/ kernel RPM packages including hdaps_protect and Software Suspend 2: http://mhensler.de/swsusp/download/yum/development/fc5/ (build 2084_2 and up)
Gentoo	hdapsd ebuild: http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=119845 khdapsmon ebuild: http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=124175

Adding kernel support

A kernel patch is required for disk head parking and queue freezing.

Manually patching and compiling a kernel

As root, do:

# cd /usr/src/linux

# patch -p1 < ~/hdaps_protect.20060409.patch

# make clean

# make

# make modules_install

Problem with unload capabilities check

You may get the following kernel message when the disk is protected (e.g., via # echo 1 > /sys/block/sda/queue/protect):

ata_scsi_issue_protect_fn(): unload support NOT reported..
scsi_protect_queue(): head park not requested, used standby!..

or

idedisk_issue_protect_fn(): unload support NOT reported..
ide_protect_queue(): head park not requested, used standby!..

ATTENTION!

Using HDAPS in the above state may cause frequent drive spin downs, thereby wearing out your hard disk.

If you see this, and you are sure that your drive actually does support unloading (all original drives sold with HDAPS-equipped ThinkPads do), then do the following.

Solution for kernel 2.6.16 or later

The patch for 2.6.16 now accepts a module parameter to override the parking capability detection.

Depending on your machine type, and whether the module is built into the kernel or not, you can use one of the following options:

If disk driver is built into kernel, add the following to your kernel boot parameters (e.g. /boot/grub/menu.lst):

   libata.protect_method=1
   ide-disk.protect_method=1

If disk driver is built as module, the following to your modprobe configuration (e.g., /etc/modprobe.conf):

   options libata protect_method=1
   options ide-disk protect_method=1

In both cases, if you know whether you use ide-disk or libata, you can drop the other line.

The value 1 means "unload the head even if the drive doesn't report it has this capacility". The other values are 2 ("standby even if unload is supported") and 0 (autodetect).

Solution for kernel 2.6.15 and older

diff -u linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/ide/ide-disk.c linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/ide/ide-disk.c
--- linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/ide/ide-disk.c	2006-01-18 07:11:54.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/ide/ide-disk.c	2006-01-18 07:11:54.000000000 +0000
@@ -869,7 +869,7 @@
 	else
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "idedisk_issue_protect_fn(): unload support NOT reported..\n");
 
-	return ide_protect_queue(q, (drive->id->cfsse & (1 << 13)) ? 1: 0);
+	return ide_protect_queue(q, 1);
 }
 
 int idedisk_issue_unprotect_fn(request_queue_t *q)
diff -u linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/scsi/libata-scsi.c linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/scsi/libata-scsi.c
--- linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/scsi/libata-scsi.c	2006-01-18 07:15:31.000000000 +0000
+++ linux-2.6.15.hdaps/drivers/scsi/libata-scsi.c	2006-01-18 07:15:31.000000000 +0000
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@
 		printk(KERN_DEBUG "ata_scsi_issue_protect_fn(): unload support NOT reported..\n");
 
 	/* call scsi_protect_queue, requesting either unload or standby */
-	return scsi_protect_queue(q, ata_id_has_unload(dev->id) ? 1 : 0);
+	return scsi_protect_queue(q, 1);
 }
 
 static int ata_scsi_issue_unprotect_fn(request_queue_t *q)

Drives which have this problem

• Hitachi HTS726060M9AT00 (7K60) on ThinkPad T43

Installing hdapsd

Manual compilation from source

• Download the hdapsd sources (see above)
• Compile using # gcc -o hdapsd hdapsd-*.c
• Run # ./hdapsd -d sda -s 12 -a (replace sda with your hard disk device; run # ./hdapsd without arguments for help)

Fedora Core

Fedora users can try the instructions here

Gentoo

Gentoo users can try the ebuild attached to gentoo bug 119845.

• Add hdapsd support in your kernel: device drivers -> hardware monitoring -> ... (you need it as modul if you want to use tp_smapi and hdaps, see tp_smapi topic)
• Download the ebuild, use same ebuild date as the kernel-patch.
• Make known the portage an extern ebuild path and add the following line to /etc/make.conf:

PORTDIR_OVERLAY="/usr/local/portage/" (or any other location)

• Create directory /usr/local/portage and /usr/local/portage/app-laptop/
• Copy the downloaded ebuild to /usr/local/portage/app-laptop (/usr/local/portage/app-laptop/hdapsd should now exists)
• Make portage known the new ebuild and creat digist with:

# ebuild /usr/local/portage/app-laptop/hdapsd/hdapsd-20060326.ebuild digest

• Optional: Copy source file to portage distfiles (if no internet connection is available):

# cp hdapsd-20060326.c /usr/portage/distfiles

• Accept the x86 keyword for this package: # echo "app-laptop/hdapsd ~x86" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords
• Install hdapsd with: # emerge hdapsd.
• Edit /etc/conf.d/hdapsd (change your harddrive if neccessary: my is sda, and change the value from 5, 5 is to sensitive, 12 is a good value in my opinion).
• start deamon with: # /etc/init.d/hdapsd start
• Optional: add to default runlevel: # rc-update add hdapsd default, rc-update add hdapsd battery

Write an eMail to abartel[äd]htwm.de, if you want to get my hdapsd-20060326.ebuild and please upload it.

Troubleshooting

In case you the see message like below in dmesg output after you have started the hdaps daemon

ide_protect_queue(): head NOT parked!.. 
ide_unprotect_queue(): No pending I/O, re-enabling power management..

a firmware upgrade of your harddisk might solve your problem. Go to the ibm web page and check if a firmware upgrade is available for your harddisk. IBM/Lenovo provides a bootdisk for easy firmware upgrade (~17MB download).

Use # hdparm -I /dev/hda or whatever the devicename of your harddisk is to get your harddisk model name and firmware version.

This helped me with my Hitachi HTS726060M9AT00 harddisk on Thinkpad R50p

Building an applet

hdaps-gl

• Make sure you have installed hdaps [and loaded] and ?opengl?
• Download hdaps-gl-0.0.5 from the web.
• Extract files to /opt/hdaps-gl.
• # make
• Start the applet: # ./hdaps-gl

Fedora Core

Fedora users can try the instructions here

khdapsmon

TODO

'

gnome-hdaps-applet

Fedora Core

Fedora users can try the instructions here

TODO	tell people what to do

Further Information

• Additonal information and support is available through the hdaps-devel mailinglist and its archive.