Difference between revisions of "Installing Debian Lenny on a ThinkPad T60"
(→Xorg.conf) |
(→Xorg.conf) |
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Line 119: | Line 119: | ||
Ah, the infamous xorg.conf. Luckily, since your running Debian lenny on an Intel integrated graphics chip, editing xorg.conf isn't strictly necessary. Intel has gone to a lot of trouble to make this as painless as possible. God help you if on the other hand, you got a model with an ATI graphics card. I made a few modifications to the automatically generated xorg.conf that might be of interest. | Ah, the infamous xorg.conf. Luckily, since your running Debian lenny on an Intel integrated graphics chip, editing xorg.conf isn't strictly necessary. Intel has gone to a lot of trouble to make this as painless as possible. God help you if on the other hand, you got a model with an ATI graphics card. I made a few modifications to the automatically generated xorg.conf that might be of interest. | ||
− | Edge scrolling has to be my favourite pointing device feature ever, thus I find it rather | + | ===Horizontal edge scrolling==== |
+ | Edge scrolling has to be my favourite pointing device feature ever, thus I find it rather annoying that it is only half enabled by default. In particular you'll find that though vertical scrolling works like a charm, horizontal scrolling along the bottom of the touchpad doesn't work. Additionally, I find that the default threshold edge distance to initiate scrolling is a little on the large side for my slender fingers. I also find that the corner button emulation tends to be accidentally activated while using edge scrolling so I disable it. Thus I have updated the relevant input device section to look thus: | ||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | Section "InputDevice" | ||
+ | Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad" | ||
+ | Driver "synaptics" | ||
+ | Option "SendCoreEvents" "true" | ||
+ | Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" | ||
+ | Option "Protocol" "auto-dev" | ||
+ | # Option "HorizScrollDelta" "0" #why did Debian put this in here? By Gods, it kill horizontal scrolling. | ||
+ | Option "RightEdge" "5500" #This is a little bigger than the default narrowing the scroll region so you don't activate it accidentally | ||
+ | Option "BottomEdge" "4500" #This is a little bigger than the default narrowing the scroll region so you don't activate it accidentally | ||
+ | Option "RTCornerButton" "0" #disable Right Top corner "button" | ||
+ | Option "RBCornerButton" "0" #disable Right Bottom corner "button" | ||
+ | Option "SHMConfig" "on" #this allows configuration of the touchpad using synclient, syndaemon, gsynaptics, ksynaptics, and qsynaptics | ||
+ | EndSection | ||
+ | </pre> | ||
==Configuring the package manager== | ==Configuring the package manager== |
Revision as of 03:29, 8 January 2008
Contents
Debian Lenny on a T60 6371-6NU
You might also want to check out Debian Etch on a Thinkpad T60 HowTo and Installing_Debian_Lenny_on_a_ThinkPad_T61.
In case you can't decode the Thinkpad model number above, here are the specs (I've left out modem, infrared, cardbus since I haven't ever used them):
Processor | Intel Core 2 Duo (Merom) 1.83GHz |
Graphics Adaptor | Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950 |
Display | 15.4" TFT display with 1200x800 resolution (widescreen) |
RAM | 1 GB PC2-5300 (upgraded to 2GB) |
Harddisk | 120GB 5400 RPM Hitatchi HTS54161 |
Audio | AD1981HD HD Audio 1.0 controller |
Ethernet | 82573L Gigabit Ethernet Controller |
Optical | LG-Hitatchi HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-4083N Dual Layer DVD+/-RW |
Wireless | Atheros AR5418 |
Biometric | STMicroelectronics Fingerprint Reader |
I'm going to do everything in Linux (i.e. assume that you already have a running linux version running somewhere else).
Installation
These are instructions for getting the most customised, minimal base Debian system running. As such, you can probably go with your gut and ignore some of these steps for example using the "expert" install mode or deselecting all but the base system packages.
- First of all, get the "businesscard" cd image for amd64 if you want to run 64 bit or i386 if you want 32 bit. Note however that going 64 bit no longer means you have to forgoe proprietary software like flash or java. See this article on the "debian adminstration" blog. If you do however go 64 bit you won't be able to use proprietary 32 bit modules in your kernel. Most notably, ndiswrapper won't work with 32-bit windows drivers.
- Burn the cd image to a cd with the command
cdrecord -v debian-testing-amd64-businesscard.iso
You may find that you need to add dev=/dev/cdrom (or whatever your burning device is) to the above command. - Now stick in the newly burned disc and reboot.
- At the "boot:" prompt type "expert (you could also just hit enter, but you won't get as much control over what's about to be installed on your computer).
- Go through the install menu using my answers as outlined below as a guide. You will obviously want to tailor things to your specific situation:
- Choose Language
- Choose Language:
English - Choose a locale:
en_CA (stick with ascii for the default since UTF screws up some terminals) - Choose other locales to be supported:
en_CA.UTF-8
en_GB.UTF-8
en_GB
en_GB.ISO-8859-15
en_US.UTF-8
en_US
en_US.ISO_8859_15
- Choose Language:
- Select a Keyboard layout
- Type of Keyboard:
PC-Style - Keymap to use:
American English
- Type of Keyboard:
- Detect and mount CD-ROM
- Modules to load:
<none> (deselect usb-storage, its not needed unless your using a external USB CD drive to read the install disc)
- Modules to load:
- Load installer components from CD:
- Installer components to load:
<none>
- Installer components to load:
- Detect network hardware
- Modules to load:
<none>(I don't imagine you'd need usb-storage here either unless you were using a USB networking device)
- Modules to load:
- Configure the network
- Auto-configure DHCP:
yes - Hostname:
<omitted> - Domain Name:
<omitted>
- Auto-configure DHCP:
- Choose a mirror of the Debian archive
- Protocol for file downloads:
ftp (might be a tiny bit faster than http, though the latter is less likely not to work if you're behind a draconian firewall. http is also slightly easier because you get a list of available mirrors whereas with ftp, you have to know the address already) - Debian archive mirror hostname:
mirrors.kernel.org - Debian archive mirror directory:
/debian - FTP proxy information:
<blank> (unless you're behind one of the draconian firewalls mentioned above, in which case figure out the proxy to use from your network administrator.) - Debian version to install:
testing
- Protocol for file downloads:
- Configure the clock
- Set the clock using NTP?:
yes - NTP Server to use:
ntp.ubc.ca (though the default provided or any other you prefer should work just as well.) - Select your timezone:
Pacific
- Set the clock using NTP?:
- Detect disks
- Modules to load:
<none> (again not necessary unless you want to install onto a USB drive)
- Modules to load:
- Partition Disks
- Partition Method:
manual - This depends largely on personal preference, and needs, but here's how I set up the disks:
200MB EXT3 /boot
1.0GB swap
15GB XFS /
2GB XFS /var
All remaining disk space XFS /home
I use XFS because this tends to be faster than ext3. Reiserfs is also a good alternative but takes a little longer to mount at bootup. Grub has some problems reading XFS, so I use ext3 for the /boot partition. If you're keeping your windows partition, just leave it alone, we'll get to that in a bit. Once you're done setting things up select "Finish partitioning and write changes to disk. - Write chages to disk?:
yes
- Partition Method:
- Install the base system
- Kernel to install:
linux-image-2.6.22-3-amd64 (or whatever newer one is available by the time you read this).
- Kernel to install:
- Setup users and passwords
- Enable shadow passwords:
yes (duh) - Allow login as root:
yes (unless you're really paranoid) - Root password:
<omitted> - Create a normal user account now?:
yes - Full Name:
<omitted> - Username for your account:
<omitted> - Password:
<omitted>
- Enable shadow passwords:
- Configured the package manager
- Use non-free packages:
yes (unless you have some restrictions ideological or otherwise) - Services to use:
security updates
volatile updates
- Use non-free packages:
- Select and install software
- Participate in package usage survey?:
yes (why not help make Debian even better?) - Choose software to install:
<none>(deselect Desktop environment, Laptop and Standard System, we'll install all the necessaries manually in a bit).
- Participate in package usage survey?:
- Install GRUB boot loader on hard disk
- Install GRUB 2:
no (for some reason it doesn't work) - Device for bootloader installation:
/dev/sda (unless you have some other bootloader you want to use to chain to GRUB). - Grub password:
<omitted> (don't make this your root password as it ends up in your menu.lst file as plaintext).
- Install GRUB 2:
- Skip LILO (unless you like pain)
- Debconf priority:
- Prompt at or above:
critical (I want to be able to automate updates) - Finish the installation
- Prompt at or above:
- Finish th einstallation
The First Boot: getting the ball rolling
You should boot up to a commandline login prompt (X-Windows hasn't been installed yet). Log in as root. It's now time to install the packages necessary to get things running. You'll find that thanks to the business card installation, you have an up to date system (i.e., aptitude update&& aptitude dist-upgrade won't find any packages needing upgrade. So lets get on with installing all the packages necessary to get things looking a little more like home.
First of all, there are a few things even in the base system that you probably won't need so get rid of them:
aptitude purge nano pcmciautils tasksel tasksel-data vim-common vim-timy
Of course, you'll want to keep pcmciautils if you plan on using antiquated pcmcia cards. Similarly you may want to keep vim and/or nano if you use those editors. If on the other hand, you're like me, you don't and you'll then want to
aptitutde install emacs
Now if you're like me and you're craving a windowed multitasking work environment before you go any further, you can just do
aptitude install xorg gdm <your favourite window manager (e.g. gnome or openbox)>
Now do a
/etc/init.d/gdm start
And you should get a login screen.
Xorg.conf
Ah, the infamous xorg.conf. Luckily, since your running Debian lenny on an Intel integrated graphics chip, editing xorg.conf isn't strictly necessary. Intel has gone to a lot of trouble to make this as painless as possible. God help you if on the other hand, you got a model with an ATI graphics card. I made a few modifications to the automatically generated xorg.conf that might be of interest.
Horizontal edge scrolling=
Edge scrolling has to be my favourite pointing device feature ever, thus I find it rather annoying that it is only half enabled by default. In particular you'll find that though vertical scrolling works like a charm, horizontal scrolling along the bottom of the touchpad doesn't work. Additionally, I find that the default threshold edge distance to initiate scrolling is a little on the large side for my slender fingers. I also find that the corner button emulation tends to be accidentally activated while using edge scrolling so I disable it. Thus I have updated the relevant input device section to look thus:
Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Synaptics Touchpad" Driver "synaptics" Option "SendCoreEvents" "true" Option "Device" "/dev/psaux" Option "Protocol" "auto-dev" # Option "HorizScrollDelta" "0" #why did Debian put this in here? By Gods, it kill horizontal scrolling. Option "RightEdge" "5500" #This is a little bigger than the default narrowing the scroll region so you don't activate it accidentally Option "BottomEdge" "4500" #This is a little bigger than the default narrowing the scroll region so you don't activate it accidentally Option "RTCornerButton" "0" #disable Right Top corner "button" Option "RBCornerButton" "0" #disable Right Bottom corner "button" Option "SHMConfig" "on" #this allows configuration of the touchpad using synclient, syndaemon, gsynaptics, ksynaptics, and qsynaptics EndSection
Configuring the package manager
The best thing about Debian is the package manager. Thus, you want to make sure it's configured optimally to get the best use out of it before you go any further. Once you're logged in, you can edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file so that it can find more packages than the default. Below is my sources.list file.
# testing - lenny deb ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free # stable - etch deb ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free # unstable - sid deb ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free # experimental deb ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free deb-src ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free # security updates deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
You'll notice that I've also included entries for etch and sid in addition to experimental. If you use a different mirror than mirrors.kernel.org, you'll want to make sure that it hosts the experimental branch. This is where we'll find the package for the fingerprint reader. I include stable and unstable for completeness in case there are packages I want that that are only available in unstable, or if I want to revert to a version of a package in stable. Note that the order you specify the branches in the sources.list file makes no difference, thus in order to maintain priority for lenny packages (over sid or experimental which in general have newer packages), I also have an /etc/apt/preferences file with pin priorties:
Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=stable Pin-Priority: 300 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=testing Pin-Priority: 600 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=unstable Pin-Priority: 200 Package: * Pin: release o=Debian,a=experimental Pin-Priority: 100
Basically this is saying that unless I specify otherwise, "testing" (lenny) packages are to be preferred over "stable" (etch) over "unstable" (sid) over "experimental". A lower Pin-Priority means lower precedence. If you want to override this precedence, you can either use the aptitude gui and select a specific version to install or add the flag -t <target branch> to your aptitude install <package> command. If you do this in such a way as to select a package that has a newer, higher priority alternative available, it will be upgraded next time you do an aptitude upgrade unless you pin that particular package version (see the relevant section of the apt howto).
Now that we have that sorted out we should do an
aptitude update
If by some chance you get an annoying message like
W: GPG error: <servername> <branch> Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 07DC563D1F41B907 W: You may want to run apt-get update to correct these problems
(especially annoying because it happens when you run apt-get update as well), the solution is to run the following command:
gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.eu.pgp.net --recv-keys 07DC563D1F41B907 && apt-key add /root/.gnupg/pubring.gpg && aptitude update
where you of course replace "07DC563D1F41B907" with what ever public key you get in the orginal GPG error message. Now of course, the reason this is happening is to ensure your security. You don't want to be downloading packages from unknown or forged sources, so don't just go verifying keys willy nilly without thinking about why you might be getting such a message. In particular, if its the message appears even though you haven't recently changed your mirror, something fishy might be going on.